![]() ![]() In response, the Viet Minh launched an attack against the French in Hanoi on December 19, 1946-the beginning of the First Indochina War. These talks collapsed in 1946, and French warships bombarded the northern Vietnamese city of Haiphong, killing thousands. French forces seized southern Vietnam and opened talks with the Vietnamese communists. When Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on September 2, 1945, Ho Chi Minh felt emboldened enough to proclaim the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam. In early 1945, Japan ousted the French administration in Vietnam and executed numerous French officials. Ho, meanwhile, made contact with the Allies and aided operations against the Japanese in South China. Japan occupied French Indochina in 1940 and collaborated with French officials loyal to France’s Vichy regime. There, he organized a Vietnamese guerrilla organization-the Viet Minh-to fight for Vietnamese independence. Expelled by China in 1927, he traveled extensively before returning to Vietnam in 1941. In 1924, he went to China, where he set about organizing exiled Vietnamese communists. He later traveled to the Soviet Union, where he studied revolutionary tactics and took an active role in the Communist International. After several years as a seaman, he lived in London and then moved to France, where he became a founding member of the French Communist Party in 1920. READ MORE: What Led to the Start of the Vietnam War?īorn in 1890, Ho Chi Minh left Vietnam as a cook on a French steamer in 1911. ![]() It would be 30 years, however, before Ho’s dream of a united, communist Vietnam became reality. Declaration of Independence in declaring, “All men are born equal: the Creator has given us inviolable rights, life, liberty, and happiness!” and was cheered by an enormous crowd gathered in Hanoi’s Ba Dinh Square. ![]() Hours after Japan’s surrender in World War II, Vietnamese communist Ho Chi Minh declares the independence of Vietnam from France. ![]()
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